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Professor Sheldon Hanton, Pro Vice-Chancellor (Research)

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Qualifications​

B.A. (Hons). Human Movement Studies
M.Sc. Sport Science
Ph.D. Sport Psychology 

Academic Leadership

Former Programme Director – BPS Accredited M.Sc. Sport Psychology

Accreditation

HPCP Practitioner Psychologist
BPS Chartered Psychologist
BOA Registered Psychologist
USOC Registered Psychologist

Consultancy

Elite and Non-Elite Performers
Individuals and High Performing Team
Coaches, Managers and Organisations

Honours

AASP Fellowship 

Research Profile

Editorship
The Sport Psychologist – Editor-in-Chief (2013 - present) http://journals.humankinetics.com/tsp ​
The Sport Psychologist – Professional Practice Editor (2003 - 2012)

Editorial Board Membership
Journal of Applied Sport Psychology (2005 - 2012)
Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity (2006 - present)
Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise (2008 - present)

Advisory Board Membership
Journal of Sports Sciences (2000 - present)

Economic and Social Research Council
Member of the ESRC Peer Review College (2010 - 2014)

Selected Keynote and Invited Presentations

​Hanton, S. (2011). Mental toughness research and application: Implications for endurance performers. Invited address presented at The 28th London Marathon Medicine Conference (Royal Society of Medicine). London, April.

Hanton, S. (2011). Another decade of research and still the question remains: What is this thing called mental toughness? Keynote address presented at the European Congress of Sport Psychology (FEPSAC). Madeira, July.

Selected International & National Doctoral Examinations

Frank Abrahamsen, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences: Stress in Elite Sport: A Motivational
Perspective. Public viva defense July, 2007.

Christopher Larner, Victoria University: On Making Warriors out of Worriers: The Management of
Trait Anxiety in Competitive Sports.  Examination - March, 2008.

Daniel Gucciardi, University of Western Australia: Mental Toughness.  Examination - July, 2008.

Jonathan Smith, Loughborough University: Measurement Issues within Achievement Goal
Research.  Examination - September, 2010.

Elsa Kristiansen, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences: Organizational Stress and the Media.
Public viva defense June, 2011.

Allistair McRobert, Liverpool John Moores University: The Influence of Contextual Information on
Perceptual-Cognitive Processes During Skilled Performance.  Examination - June, 2012.

James Bell, Bangor University: Preliminary Evidence for a Neuro-Cognitive Model of Mental
Toughness.  Examination - October, 2012.

Stephanie Tibbert, Victoria University: Mental Toughness in Australian Rules Football.  Examination
- May, 2013.

Erik Hofseth, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences: A study of negative emotions, defensive
self-presentation strategies, and their relationship to skill and performance level. Public viva
defense June, 2016.

Postgraduate Research Completions, Current Supervision and Awards

Owen Thomas: Thesis Title: The temporal patterning of intensity, frequency and direction dimensions of competitive anxiety. Student registered at Sheffield Hallam University and co-supervised by Professor Ian Maynard. Completed 2003. *Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology (AAASP) PhD Award.

Melanie Gregg: Thesis Title: Variables moderating imagery use by athletes. Student registered at the University of Western Ontario in Canada and supervised by Professor Craig Hall. Completed 2005. Programme advisor.

Gareth Irwin: Thesis Title:  A multidisciplinary analysis of skill development in elite gymnastics. Student registered at Bath University and supervised by Professor David Kerwin. Completed 2005. Programme advisor. 

Richard Neil: Thesis Title: ReConceptualising Competition Stress in Sports Performers.  Student registered at University of Wales, Swansea co-supervised by Dr. Stephen Mellalieu.  Completed 2007. 

Declan Connaughton: Thesis Title:  An examination and re-conceptualisation of mental toughness.  Student registered at University of Wales Institute, Cardiff and co-supervised by Professor Graham Jones (Lane 4 Management Group). Completed 2008.

David Fletcher: Thesis Title:  An examination of organisational stress in elite sport. Student registered at University of Wales Institute, Cardiff. Completed 2008. *British Association of Sport & Exercise Sciences Emerging Researcher Award.

Brendan Cropley: Understanding the determinants of effectiveness in professional practice.  Student registered at University of Wales Institute, Cardiff and co-supervised by Dr. Andrew Miles. Completed 2009. 

Ross Wadey: Thesis Title: A temporal inquiry of hardiness pre and post sport injury.  Student registered at University of Wales Institute, Cardiff and co-supervised by Dr. Lynne Evans. Completed  2009.  *Association for Applied Sport Psychology (AASP) PhD Award.

Ian Mitchell: Thesis title: Social support and psychological responses in sport-injury rehabilitation. Student registered at the University of Wales Institute, Cardiff and supervised by Dr Lynne Evans. Completed 2009. Programme advisor. *British Psychological Society Annual PhD Award: Outstanding Thesis.

Andrea Faull: Thesis title: An investigation of motor performance under stress: The process goal paradox. Student registered at the University of Wales Institute, Cardiff and supervised by Dr Richard Mullen. Completed 2009. Programme advisor.

Christopher Wagstaff: Thesis Title: Positive organizational psychology in sport. Student registered at University of Wales Institute, Cardiff. Completed 2009.
 
Denise Hill:  Thesis Title: An in-depth examination of choking in sport. Student registered at the University of Gloucestershire and co-supervised by Professor Scott Fleming. Completed 2010. *British Association of Sport & Exercise Sciences Emerging Researcher Award.

Lee Williams. Thesis Title: The role of mental toughness in customer relations management. Student registered at Manchester Business School (Doctor of Business Administration programme). Completed 2013. 

Harry Bowles. Thesis Title: An ethnographic approach to understanding and manipulating stress and emotions in academy cricketers. Student registered at Cardiff Metropolitan University and being co-supervised by Dr. Richard Neil and Professor Scott Fleming. Completed 2014.

Jane Barnett. Thesis Title: Efficient and effective management in higher education: An insider, action research perspective. Student registered at Cardiff Metropolitan University and being co-supervised by Dr. Brendan Cropley and Professor Scott Fleming. Completed 2014.

Ceri Bowley. Thesis Title: The reflective practitioner and elite coaching performance. Knowledge Economy Skills Scholarship (European Social Fund, £70,000). Student registered at Cardiff Metropolitan University and being co-supervised by Dr. Rich Neil, Dr. Brendan Cropley and Dr. Ian Mitchell. Completed 2015.

Hamish Cox. Thesis Title: The effectiveness of a golf-related resiliency training programme on the mental and physiological health of adolescence. Knowledge Economy Skills Scholarship (European Social Fund, £70,000). Student registered at Cardiff Metropolitan University and being co-supervised by Professor Rob Shave, Dr. Richard Neil and Dr. John Oliver. Completed 2015.

Gareth Picknell: Thesis Title: Developing performance through reflective interventions. Student registered at Swansea University, and being co-supervised by Dr. Brendan Cropley and Dr. Stephen Mellalieu. Completion due 2016. 

Tim Pitt. Thesis Title: Developing and applying 'nudges' in elite sport: Creating lasting change via brief interventions. English Institute of Sport and Cardiff School of Sport collaboration (£45,000). Student registered at Cardiff Metropolitan University and being co-supervised by Dr. Owen Thomas. Completion due 2016.

Matthew Johnson. Thesis Title. A re-examination of attitude in sport. Student registered at Southampton Solent University and being co-supervised by Dr. Owen Thomas. 
Completion due 2016.

Publication Profile 

Edited Peer-Reviewed Research Books
Mellalieu, S.D., & Hanton, S. (Eds.) (2015). Contemporary reviews in sport psychology.Abingdon: Routledge.

Neil, R., Hanton, S., Fleming, S., & Wilson, K. (2014). The research process in sport, exercise and health: The experiences of active researchers.  Abingdon: Routledge.

Hanton, S., & Mellalieu, S.D. (Eds). (2012). Professional practice in sport psychology: A review. Abingdon: Routledge.

Mellalieu, S.D., & Hanton, S. (Eds.). (2009). A competitive anxiety review: Recent directions in sport psychology research. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science.

Mellalieu, S.D., & Hanton, S. (Eds.). (2009). Advances in applied sport psychology: A Review. London: Routledge.
Hanton, S., & Mellalieu, S.D. (Eds.) (2006). Literature reviews in sport psychology. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science.

Contributions to Edited Peer-Reviewed Research Books
Wagstaff, C. R. D., & Hanton, S. (forthcoming, 2016). Emotions in sport organizations. In C. R. D. Wagstaff (Ed.), The organizational psychology of sport. Abingdon: Routledge.

Gucciardi, D.F., & Hanton, S. (2016). Mental toughness: Critical reflections and future considerations. In R. Schinke, K. McGannon, & B. Smith (Eds.), The Routledge International Handbook of Sport Psychology (pp.439-448). Abingdon: Routledge.

Hanton, S., Mellalieu, S.D., & Williams, J.M. (2015). Understanding and managing stress in sport. In J. Williams & V. Krane (Eds.), Applied sport psychology: Personal growth to peak performance (7th Edition) (pp. 207-239). New York: McGraw Hill.

Picknell, G., Cropley, B., Hanton, S., & Mellalieu, S. D. (2014). Where’s the evidence? Empirical reflective practice interventions with different populations in sport. In Z. Knowles,D. Gilbourne, B. Cropley, & L. Dugdill (Eds.), Reflective practice in the sport and exercise sciences: Contemporary issues (pp28-38). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

Cropley, B., & Hanton, S. (2012). The role of reflective practice in applied sport psychology: Contemporary issues for professional practice. In S. Hanton & S. D. Mellalieu (Eds.). Professional practice in sport psychology: A review (pp. 307-335). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

Hanton, S., Neil, R., & Mellalieu, S. D. (2012). Competitive anxiety and sporting performance. In. T. Morris & P. Terry (Eds.). The new port and exercise psychology companion (pp. 89-104). West Virginia: Fitness Information Technology.

Connaughton, D., Thelwell, R. & Hanton, S. (2011). Mental toughness development: issues, practical implications and future directions. In D. Gucciardi & S. Gordon (Eds.). Mental toughness in sport: Developments in research and theory (pp.135 - 162). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

Wagstaff, C.R.D., Neil, R., Mellalieu, S.D. & Hanton, S. (2011). Key movements in directional research in competitive anxiety. In J. Thatcher, M. M. Jones & D. Lavallee (Eds.). Coping and emotion in sport (pp.143-166). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

Hanton, S., Thomas O. & Mellalieu, S.D. (2009). Management of competitive stress in elite sport. In B. Brewer (Ed.). International Olympic Committee sport psychology handbook (pp. 30-42). Blackwell Publishing.

Connaughton, D. & Hanton, S. (2009). Mental toughness in sport: Conceptual and practical Issues. In S.D. Mellalieu & S. Hanton (Eds.). (2008). Advances in applied sport psychology: A review (pp.317-346). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

Thomas, O., Mellalieu, S.D. & Hanton, S. (2009). Stress management in sport: A critical review and synthesis. In. S.D. Mellalieu & S. Hanton (Eds.). Advances in applied sport psychology: A review (pp.124, 161). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

Mellalieu, S.D. & Hanton, S. (2008). Facilitating anxiety: Myth or mislabeled? The relationship between interpretations of competitive anxiety symptoms and positive affective states In. M.P Simmons & L.A. Foster (Eds.). Sport and exercise psychology research advances (pp. 53-83). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science.

Mellalieu, S.D., Hanton, S. & Fletcher, D. (2006). A competitive anxiety review: Recent directions in sport psychology research. In S. Hanton & S.D. Mellalieu, (Eds.). Literature reviews in sport psychology (pp. 1-45). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science.

Fletcher, D., Hanton, S., & Mellalieu, S.D. (2006). An organizational stress review: Conceptual and theoretical issues in competitive sport. In S. Hanton & S.D. Mellalieu, (Eds.). Literature reviews in sport psychology (pp. 321-373). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science.

Refereed Academic Journal Papers

Neil, R., Bowles, H., Hanton, S., & Fleming, S. (in press). The experience of competition stress and emotion within cricket. The Sport Psychologist. 

Gucciardi, D.F., Hanton, S., Gordon, S., Mallett, C. J., & Temby, P. (2015). The concept of mental toughness: Tests of dimensionality, nomological network and traitness. Journal of Personality, 83, 26-44.

Gucciardi, D.F., Jackson, B., Hanton, S., & Reid, M. (2015). Motivational correlates of mentally tough behaviours in tennis. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 18, 67-71. 

Pitt, T., Thomas, O., Lindsay, P., Bawden, M., & Hanton, S. (2015). Doing sport psychology briefly: A critical review of single session their relevance to sport psychology. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 8, 1-31. 

Pitt, T., Lindsay, P., Thomas, O., Bawden, M., Goodwill, S., & Hanton, S. (2015). A perspective on consultancy teams and technology in applied sport psychology. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 16, 35-44.

Hanton, S., Neil, R., & Evans, L. (2013). Hardiness and anxiety interpretation: An investigation into coping usage and effectiveness. European Journal of Sports Sciences, 13, 96-104.

Gucciardi, D.F., Hanton, S., & Mallett, C.J. (2013). Progressing measurement in mental toughness: A response to Clough, Earle, Perry, & Crust. Sport, Exercise and Performance Psychology, 2, 157-172.

Hanton, S., Neil, R., & Evans, L. (2013). Hardiness and anxiety interpretation: An investigation into coping usage and effectiveness. European Journal of Sports Sciences, 13, 96-104.

Gucciardi, D.F., Hanton, S., & Mallett, C.J. (2013). Progressing measurement in mental toughness: A response to Clough, Earle, Perry, & Crust. Sport, Exercise and Performance Psychology, 2, 157-172.

Neil, R., Hanton, S., & Mellalieu, S. D. (2013). Seeing things in a different light: Assessing the effects of a cognitive-behavioural intervention upon the further appraisals of golfers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 25, 106-130.

Wagstaff, C. R. D., Hanton, S., & Fletcher, D. (2013). Developing emotion abilities and regulation strategies in a sport organization: An action research Intervention. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 14, 476-487.

Barnett, J., Cropley, B., Hanton, S., & Fleming, S. (2013). Taking the plunge: Reflections on the decision to register for a doctorate. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 13, 123-131.

Peel. J., Cropley, B., Hanton, S., & Fleming, S (2013). Learning through reflection: Values, conflicts, and role interactions of a youth sport coach. Reflective Practice, 14, 729-742.

Wadey, R., Evans, L., Hanton, S., & Neil, R. (2013). The effect of dispositional optimism pre- and post-injury. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, 45, 387-394.

Neil, R., Bayston, P., Hanton, S., & Wilson, K. (2013). The influence of stress and emotions on soccer referee decision-making. Sport & Exercise Psychology Reviews, 9, 22-41.

Hanton, S., Wagstaff, C. R. D., & Fletcher, D. (2012). Cognitive appraisals of stressors encountered in sport organizations. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10, 276-289.

Fletcher, D., Hanton, S., Mellalieu, S.D., & Neil, R. (2012). A conceptual framework for organizational stressors in sport performers. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 22, 545-557.

Gucciardi, D.F., Hanton, S., & Mallett, C.J. (2012). Progressing measurement in mental toughness: A case example of the Mental Toughness Questionnaire-48. Sport, Exercise and Performance Psychology, 1, 194-214.

Wadey, R., Evans, L., Hanton, S., & Neil, R. (2012). An examination of hardiness throughout the sport injury process: A qualitative follow-up study. British Journal of Health Psychology, 17, 872-893.

Wadey, R., Evans, L., Hanton, S., & Neil, R. (2012). An examination of hardiness throughout the sport injury process. British Journal of Health Psychology, 17, 103-128.

Wagstaff, C. R. D., Fletcher, D., & Hanton, S. (2012). Exploring emotion abilities and regulation strategies in sport organizations. Sport, Exercise and Performance Psychology, 1, 268-282.

Wagstaff, C. R. D., Fletcher, D., & Hanton, S. (2012). Positive organizational psychology in sport: an ethnography of organizational functioning in a national sport organization. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 24, 26-47.

Neil, R., Wilson, K., Mellalieu, S. D., Hanton, S. & Taylor, J. (2012). Competitive anxiety intensity and interpretation: A two-study investigation into their relationship with performance. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10, 96-111.

Wagstaff, C. R. D., Neil, R., Mellalieu, S. D., & Hanton, S. (2012). Key movements in directional research in competitive anxiety. Routledge Online Studies on the Olympic and Paralympic Games [Special Edition], 53, 143-166.

Fletcher, D., Hanton, S., & Wagstaff, C. R. D. (2012). Performers' responses to stressors encountered in sport organisations. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30, 349-358.

Wadey, R., Evans, L., Hanton, S. & Neil, R. (2012). Examining hardiness throughout the sport injury process. British Journal of Health Psychology, 17, 103-128.

Wagstaff, C.R.D. Fletcher, D., & Hanton, S. (2012). Positive organizational psychology in sport: An ethnography of organizational functioning in a national sport organization. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 24, 26-47.

Hill, D., Hanton, S., Matthews, N., & Fleming, S. (2011). Alleviation of choking under pressure in elite golf: An action research study. The Sport Psychologist, 25, 465-488.

Neil, R., Hanton, S., Mellallieu, S.D., & Fletcher, D. (2011). Competition stress and emotions in sport performers: The role of further appraisals. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 12, 460-470.

Thomas, O., Picknell, G., & Hanton, S. (2011). Recall agreement between actual and retrospective reports of competitive anxiety: A comparison of intensity and frequency dimensions. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29, 495-508.

Wagstaff, C. R. D., Fletcher, D., & Hanton, S. (2011). Positive organizational psychology in sport. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 24, 26-47.

Cropley, B., Hanton, S., Miles, A., & Niven, A. (2010). Exploring the relationship between effective and reflective practice in applied sport psychology. The Sport Psychologist. 24, 521 - 541

Cropley, B., Hanton, S., Miles, A., & Niven, A (2010). The value of reflective practice in professional development: An applied sport psychology review. Sports Science Review. XIX, 3 - 4, 179 - 208.

Connaughton, D., Hanton, S., & Jones, G. (2010). The development and maintenance of mental toughness in the World’s best performers. The Sport Psychologist, 24, 168-193.

Hill, D., Hanton, S., Matthews, N., & Fleming, S. (2010). A qualitative exploration of choking in elite golf. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 4, 221 - 240

Hill, D., Hanton, S., Fleming, S. & Matthews, N. (2010). Choking under pressure: A review. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 3, 24-39.

Hanton, S., Cropley, B., & Lee, S. (2009). Reflective Practice, experience, and the interpretation of anxiety symptoms. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27, 517.

Hill, D., Hanton, S., Fleming, S., & Matthews, N. (2009). A re-examination of choking in sport. European Journal of Sports Science, 9, 203-212.

Mellalieu, S.D., Hanton, S., & Thomas, O. (2009). The effects of a motivational general-arousal imagery intervention upon preperformance symptoms in male rugby union players. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10, 175-185.

Mellalieu, S.D., Neil, R., Hanton, S., & Fletcher, D. (2009). Competition stress in sport performers: Stressors experienced in the competition environment. Journal of Sports Sciences. 27, 729-744.

Neil, R., Mellalieu, S.D. & Hanton, S. (2009). The contribution of qualitative inquiry towards understanding competitive anxiety and competition stress. Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise, 1, 191-205.

O'Brien, M., Mellalieu, S.D. & Hanton, S., (2009). Goal setting effects in elite and non-elite boxers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 21, 293 - 306.

Hanton, S., Mellalieu, S.D., Neil., R., & Fletcher, D. (2008). Competitive experience and performance status: An investigation into multidimensional anxiety and coping. European Journal of Sport Science, 8, 143-152.

Hanton, S., Neil, R., & Mellalieu, S.D. (2008). Recent developments in competitive anxiety direction and competition stress research. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1, 45-57.

Hanton, S., Wadey, R., & Mellalieu, S.D. (2008). Advanced psychological strategies and competitive anxiety responses in sport. The Sport Psychologist. 22, 472- 490.

Connaughton, D., Hanton, S., Jones, G., & Wadey, R. (2008). Mental toughness research: Key issues in this area. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 39, 192-204.

Mellalieu, S.D., & Hanton, S. (2008). Hearts in the fire, heads in the fridge: A qualitative investigation into the temporal patterning of the precompetitive psychological response in elite performers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26,811-824.

Wadey, R., & Hanton, S. (2008). Basic psychological skill usage and competitive anxiety responses: Perceived underlying mechanisms. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 79, 363-373.

Connaughton, D., Wadey, R., Hanton, S., & Jones, G. (2008). The development and maintenance of mental toughness: A qualitative examination of elite sports performers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26, 83-95.

Mullen, R., Lane, A., & Hanton, S. (2008). Anxiety Symptom Interpretation in High-Anxious, Defensive High-Anxious, Low-Anxious and Repressor Sport Performers. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping: An International Journal, 16, 167-184.

Hanton, S., Cropley, B., Miles, A., Mellalieu, S.D., & Neil, R. (2007). An in-depth examination of experience in sport. Competitive experience and the relationship with competitive anxiety. International Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 5, 28-53.

Cropley, B., Hanton, S., Miles, A., & Anderson, A. (2007). Improving the delivery of applied sport psychology support through reflective practice. The Sport Psychologist, 21, 475-494.

Jones, G., Hanton, S., & Connaughton, D. (2007). Mental Toughness: An examination of Olympic and world champion performers. The Sport Psychologist, 21, 243-264.

Thomas, O., Hanton, S., & Maynard, I. (2007). A qualitative investigation of the temporal patterning of athletes’ precompetitive symptoms and their use of preperformance strategies: The role of facilitative and debilitative anxiety. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 19, 379-397.

Gregg, M., Hall, C., & Hanton, S. (2007). Perceived effectiveness of heptathletes’ mental imagery. Journal of Sport Behavior, 30, 398-414.

Neil, R., Fletcher, D., Hanton, S. and Mellalieu, S.D. (2007). Reconceptualising Competition Stress in Sports Performers. Sport & Exercise Psychology Reviews, 3, 23-31.

Thomas, O., Maynard, I., & Hanton, S. (2007). The effects on performance of a multimodal temporal intervention program with athletes debilitated by their preperformance symptoms. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology,19, 398-418.

Mellalieu, S.D., Hanton, S., & O’Brien, M. (2006). Performance behaviour modification as a function of goal setting strategies: A single-case design. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 39, 257-261.

Neil, R., Mellalieu, S.D., & Hanton, S. (2006). Psychological skills usage and the competitive anxiety response as a function of skill level in rugby union. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 5, 415-423.

Mellalieu, S. D., Neil, R., & Hanton, S. (2006). An investigation of the mediating effects of self-confidence between anxiety intensity and direction. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 77, 263-270.

Kingston, K., Horrocks, C., & Hanton, S. (2006). Do multidimensional intrinsic and extrinsic motivation profiles discriminate between athletic scholarship status? European Journal of Sport Science. 6, 53-63.

Hanton, S., & Fletcher, D. (2005). Organizational stress in competitive sport: More than we bargained for? International Journal of Sport Psychology, 36, 273-283.

Hanton, S., Fletcher, D., & Coughlan, G. (2005). Stress in elite sports performers: A qualitative investigation of competition and organizational stressors. Journal of Sports Sciences, 10, 1129-1141. I

Hanton, S., Wadey, R., & Connaughton, D. (2005). Debilitative interpretations of competitive anxiety: A qualitative examination of elite performers. European Journal of Sport Science, 5, 123-136.

Irwin, G., Hanton, S., & Kerwin, D. (2005). The conceptual process of skill progression in artistic gymnastics. Journal of Sports Sciences, 10, 1089-1099.

O’Brien, M., Hanton, S., & Mellalieu, S.D. (2005). Intensity and direction of competitive anxiety as a function of perceived control and competition goal generation. Journal for Science & Medicine in Sport, 8, 418-427.

Hanton, S., Mellalieu, S.D., & Hall, R. (2004). Self-confidence and anxiety interpretation: A qualitative investigation. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 5, 477-495.

Hanton, S., Thomas, O., & Maynard, I. (2004). Competitive anxiety responses in the week leading up to competition: The role of intensity, direction and frequency dimensions. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 15, 169-181.

Irwin, G., Hanton, S., & Kerwin, D. (2004). Reflective practice and the origins of elite coaching knowledge. Reflective Practice, 5, 119-136.

Mellalieu, S.D., Hanton, S., & O’Brien, M. (2004). Intensity and direction dimensions of competitive anxiety as a function of sport type and experience. Scandinavian Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, 14, 326-334.

Thomas, O., Maynard, I., & Hanton, S. (2004). Temporal aspects of competitive anxiety and self-confidence as a function of anxiety perceptions. The Sport Psychologist, 18, 172-187.

Hanton, S., Evans, L., & Neil, R. (2003). Hardiness and the competitive trait anxiety response. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping: An International Journal, 16, 167-184.

Hanton, S., O' Brien, M., & Mellalieu, S.D. (2003). Individual differences, perceived control and competitive trait anxiety. Journal of Sport Behavior, 26, 39-55.

Fletcher, D., & Hanton, S. (2003). Sources of organizational stress in elite sports performers. The Sport Psychologist, 17, 175-195.

Mellalieu, S.D., Hanton, S., & Jones, G. (2003). Emotional labelling and competitive anxiety in preparation and competition. The Sport Psychologist, 17, 157-174.

Hanton, S., & Connaughton, D. (2002). Perceived control of anxiety and its relationship with self-confidence performance: A qualitative explanation. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 73, 87-97.

Hanton, S., Mellalieu, S.D., & Hall, R. (2002). Re-examining the competitive anxiety trait-state relationship. Personality & Individual Differences, 33, 1125-1136.

Hanton, S., Mellalieu, S.D., & Young, S. (2002). A qualitative investigation into temporal patterning of the precompetitive anxiety response and its effects on performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20, 911-928.

Jones, G., Hanton, S., & Connaughton, D. (2002). What is this thing called Mental Toughness?: An investigation with elite performers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14, 211-224.

Thomas, O., Hanton, S., & Jones, G. (2002). An alternative approach to short-form self-report assessment of competitive anxiety. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 33, 325-336.

Fletcher, D., & Hanton, S. (2001). The relationship between psychological skills usage and competitive anxiety responses. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 2, 89-101.

Jones, G., & Hanton, S. (2001). Pre-competition feeling states and directional anxiety interpretations. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19, 385-395.

Hanton, S., Jones, G., & Mullen, R. (2000). Intensity and direction of competitive anxiety as interpreted by rugby players and rifle shooters. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 90, 513-521.

Hanton, S., & Jones, G. (1999a). The acquisition and development of cognitive skills and strategies. I: Making the butterflies fly in formation. The Sport Psychologist, 13, 1-21.

Hanton, S., & Jones, G. (1999b). The effects of a multimodal intervention program on performers. II: Training the butterflies to fly in formation. The Sport Psychologist, 13, 22-41.

Hanton, S., & Jones, G. (1997). Antecedents of competitive state anxiety as a function of skill level. Psychological Reports, 81, 1139-1147.

Jones, G., & Hanton, S. (1996). Interpretation of anxiety symptoms and goal attainment expectations. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 18, 144-158.

Hanton, S., & Jones, G. (1995). Antecedents of multidimensional state anxiety in elite competitive swimmers. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 26, 512-523.

Jones, G., Hanton, S., & Swain, A.B.J. (1994). Intensity and interpretation of anxiety symptoms in elite and non-elite sports performers. Personality & Individual Differences, 17, 657-663.